6. Stalinism and forced transformation
Individuals & institutions
Joseph Stalin, Communist Party, Soviet Union
Events & dates
Forced collectivization and rapid industrialization began in the late 1920s. The 1932–1933 famine killed millions, particularly in Ukraine and other Soviet regions. The Great Terror intensified in 1936–1938.
Consequences & historical significance
The Soviet Union built industrial capacity and later defeated Nazi Germany alongside the Allies, while mass arrests, deportations and labor camps inflicted enormous human costs.