2. Historical development: Diplomacy and the French alliance

Historical developments and consequences

Franklin helped secure the 1778 treaties with France. French financing, troops and naval power supported American independence. Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

Independence depended on international diplomacy as well as military effort; the treaty also intensified conflicts over western lands.

Original historical article · Authorities & decisions

Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane and Arthur Lee represented American interests in France. The 1778 treaties formalized a military alliance and commercial relationship; Louis XVI’s ministers approved assistance.