2. Historical development: The Great Awakening and public argument

Historical developments and consequences

Itinerant preachers drew large audiences across colonial boundaries. Competing congregations debated clerical authority, conversion and religious practice.

Religious mobilization expanded public discussion but was not itself a movement for political independence; churches also remained divided over slavery.

Original historical article · Authorities & decisions

George Whitefield traveled through British North America in the 1730s and 1740s, while Jonathan Edwards preached in New England. Revival meetings challenged established churches’ exclusive authority over religious life.